Author: Indrikis Osenieks
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Article 42(7) TEU and the EU’s Defence Future
Thematic Working Group Briefs – 2026 Article 42(7) TEU and the EU’s Defence Future More than fifteen years after the Lisbon reforms entered into force, Article 42(7) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), frequently termed the mutual defence clause, has remained as one of the least addressed policy instruments within the Union’s security framework.…
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EU Accession Process and the Barrier of Corruption
Ukraine’s accession highlights the question of whether alignment with EU law actually leads to real improvement in enforcement in practice. Even though Ukraine shows significant reform progress, systemic corruption exposes a gap between formal compliance and implementation. Bulgaria urges the EU to create outcome-based indicators beyond simple legislative compliance, further demonstrating that this gap continues…